Madam President, on October 1, critical cyber security protections expired, and, as a result of that, our Nation is now more vulnerable to cyber attacks than ever before. For nearly a decade, businesses and government Agencies have been able to rely on these authorities to share information about cyber attacks and help prevent them from becoming more widespread. That is why I introduced the bipartisan Protecting America from Cyber Threats Act with Senator Rounds to restore these vital protections. A broad coalition of nearly 80 stakeholders, from healthcare and financial services to energy and utilities, to transportation and technology, support passing this legislation to ensure that they can continue voluntarily sharing information about cyber security threats with the Federal Government. Here is what a few of them had to say. The Business Software Alliance said we need to pass this legislation quickly, arguing that ``further delays in renewing this program will only serve to entrench information-sharing silos between government and industry and needlessly set back United States' over all cybersecurity posture.'' The Connected Health Initiative said: The healthcare ecosystem is uniquely vulnerable to cyber incidents, and the damage caused by them particularly severe--so the reasonable liability protections the legislation would reauthorize are [absolutely] desperately needed to ensure patient security and privacy. The CEO of USTelecom said: The Protecting America from Cyber Threats Act reaffirms what has always made our nation's cyber defenses strong: the trusted partnership between industry and government. By reauthorizing key information sharing protections, Congress ensures that private innovation and public stewardship continue to work hand in hand to safeguard our networks, protect our citizens, and reinforce the shared resilience that defines Americans cybersecurity leadership. The American Bankers Association said: The information exchanges that this legislation facilitates will significantly enhance the financial sector's ability to respond to large-scale cyber incidents, strengthen our defenses, and safeguard customer data. Allowing these protections to lapse chills threat sharing and impedes rapid response, leaving banks, customers, and the broader economy more vulnerable to adversaries. Even the U.S. Chamber of Commerce has weighed in and said: Lawmakers must quickly reauthorize these cyber information- sharing authorities to give businesses legal certainty and protection against frivolous lawsuits when voluntarily sharing and receiving threat data. The Alliance of Automotive Information has said: This policy has worked. And as vehicles get more digital and more connected--and connect to other devices, vehicles, and infrastructure--the cyberattack surface will [only] grow exponentially. We need this landmark law to stay on the books to secure the mobility ecosystem from current and future cybersecurity threats. The National Association of Manufacturers said: Sharing information about cyber threats and risk mitigation measures is [absolutely] fundamental to manufacturers' efforts to improve their cybersecurity posture and protect themselves and their customers. Bottom line: These are just a few of the leaders across key industries who are calling for us to pass this legislation immediately--today. This is about protecting the systems that power our homes and connect our families and keep our economy running. It is about giving our cyber defenders the tools that they need to act fast and to act smart. Our adversaries are not going to stop their attacks. But without this law in place, many of our Nation's companies and critical infrastructure will be in the dark as they try to defend themselves. I urge my colleagues to pass this legislation today so we can protect our economy and our entire Nation from the threats of cyber attacks. As if in legislative session and notwithstanding rule XXII, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate proceed to the immediate consideration of Calendar No. 182, S. 2983; that the Peters substitute amendment, which is at the desk, be considered and agreed to; that the bill, as amended, be considered read a third time and passed; and that the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? The Senator from Kentucky. Mr. PAUL. I object. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objection is heard. Congressional Record, Volume 171 Issue 179 (Tuesday, October 28, 2025) EXECUTIVE CALENDAR

Mr. President, yesterday, I came to the floor to warn that a critical cyber security protection that has been in place for a decade was set to run out and expire at the end of the fiscal year. I urged my colleagues to pass a bipartisan, clean, 10-year extension to keep these important national security protections in place. Unfortunately, one of my colleagues--just one of my colleagues-- objected, and as of midnight, they have now expired. As a result, we are without this critical line of defense. Our economy, our infrastructure, and our government are exposed. It is now going to be a more challenging effort to protect businesses and critical infrastructure against cyber attacks at a time, Mr. President, when you know that our adversaries' attacks continue to grow more aggressive and more sophisticated. This law was passed with strong bipartisan support, and the support remains strong in both Chambers. Even the Trump administration agrees. The White House and the Department of Homeland Security support a 10- year extension and want to see this bill passed. For months, my colleagues and I have heard from a broad coalition of industry leaders who need the long-term certainty that a 10-year reauthorization provides so we can protect our systems and they can protect their systems and customers. That is why Senator Rounds and I introduced a clean, bipartisan, 10-year extension all the way back in April. Every hour--every hour--we delay is an open invitation to cyber criminals and hostile actors to attack our economy and our critical infrastructure. I would urge my colleagues to put our national and economic security first and pass this clean, long-term extension. Mr. President, as if in legislative session and notwithstanding rule XXII, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs be discharged from further consideration of S. 1377 and the Senate proceed to its immediate consideration; that the bill be considered read a third time and passed and the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action or debate. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? The Senator from Oklahoma. Mr. LANKFORD. Mr. President, reserving the right to object, as you know, the CISA reauthorization is also included in the clean CR that we are also trying to be able to pass, this continuing resolution. On behalf of Chairman Paul, he has asked me to be able to come and object, so I object. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The objection is heard. The Senator from Michigan. Mr. PETERS. Mr. President, the CR has not passed. We are now vulnerable--right now. As my colleague from Oklahoma knows, we are now vulnerable. I do not know when that continuing resolution will pass. Every day that goes by, we are susceptible to a cyber attack. Who is going to answer for that when it occurs because we did not act here? We also know that even if the CR were to pass, it is a couple of months. We need to have long-term certainty. That is what we have been hearing from all of the folks in the cyber security industry. That is why the Trump administration is saying we need to pass a 10-year extension, and we need to do it now. It is why Members in the House, both Democrats and Republicans--there is overwhelming support there. There is overwhelming support in this Chamber right now. I assume that if we had a vote today, it would be overwhelmingly passed. Why do we risk the security of our country from cyber attacks? Why don't we pass commonsense legislation? That is what this Senate should do. I know we have issues that we debate all the time, but when there is overwhelming support and the threats to our country are imminent, we should act. And when we don't act, we fail the American people. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oklahoma. Congressional Record, Volume 171 Issue 161 (Wednesday, October 1, 2025) Vote on Cao Nomination

Madam President, I rise today in opposition to Congressman Bishop's nomination to be the Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget. The Office of Management and Budget, or OMB, is responsible for a range of critical functions, from developing and executing the Federal budget to improving Agency performance and reviewing regulations. Given his record and views, I have serious concerns about how Congressman Bishop will help lead this important office. First of all, I am concerned by his willingness to break the law, especially when it comes to Congress's power of the purse. He supports the administration's efforts to illegally withhold funding that Congress has passed into law. Like all of my colleagues in Congress, I swore an oath to uphold and follow the laws set forth in our Constitution, which affirms that Congress--and Congress alone--is responsible for deciding how Federal funds are spent, not the President or members of his administration. The administration's actions so far to freeze congressionally approved funds have already rocked communities all across my home State of Michigan, as well as across the entire Nation. These communities count on the funds appropriated by Congress to upgrade their roads and bridges and pay their police and first responders. If confirmed, Congressman Bishop will only be a rubberstamp for Donald Trump and Director Vought's flagrant disregard for the spending laws passed by Congress. Congressman Bishop has also been a staunch supporter of mass layoffs within the Federal workforce that undermine our government's ability to provide vital services to the American people. Our nonpartisan civil servants play vital roles in protecting our national security, caring for our veterans, and ensuring the safety of our transportation system. If we allow the Trump administration to indiscriminately fire these nonpartisan experts and replace them with their political cronies, they will only put our Nation and our people at risk. Finally, I am alarmed by his complete disregard for the law when it comes to whistleblower protections. As a Member of Congress, he revealed the name of a whistleblower--in direct violation of the law-- and jeopardized the safety of that individual and their family. We simply cannot trust anyone who is willing to break the law to retaliate against a whistleblower exposing wrongdoing to help such a critical Agency within the Federal Government. And if Congressman Bishop is confirmed, I am concerned that he will defy our duly passed laws and our Constitution to continue President Trump, Elon Musk, and Director Vought's assault on the Federal Government and the critical services that it provides all Americans. Because of this, I oppose Congressman Bishop's nomination, and I would urge my colleagues to do the same. I suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. KENNEDY. Madam President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Congressional Record, Volume 171 Issue 54 (Tuesday, March 25, 2025) EXECUTIVE CALENDAR